The parallel processing of artificial neural networks makes them suitable for hardware implementations; therefore, using artificial neural networks for seismic signal processing problems has the potential of greatly speeding up seismic data processing. In this paper, a commonly used neural networks, Hopfield neural network, is used to implement deconvolution. The deconvolution procedure decomposes into two sub processes: reflectivity locatin detection and reflectivity magnitude estimation. A Hopfield neural network is developed for each of subprocesses. The first neural network is developed to detect the reflectivity sequence. The second neural network is developed to determine the magnitudes of the detected Reflections. These two neural networks are simulated for narrow-band wavelet, and the result is compared with that of using spiking deconvolution.With comparing the results, deconvolution of seismic data using Hopfield neural network: (1) unlike spiking deconvolution, is not sensitive to noise and (2) gives much better result than spiking deconvolution for a trace with noise.

In this paper the Reflection Coefficient of electromagnetic wave incidence on the walls of the buildings and obstacles that occurs in mobile communication path was modified by solving the Riccati nonlinear equations. For this purpose, the building walls are assumed inhomogeneous layers where their permittivity changes as function of the wall thickness. Using this Reflection Coefficient, a new propagation model based on urn and GID (uniform geometrical theory of diffraction and geometrical theory of diffraction) for multiple diffraction paths is proposed. Using this model, the diffraction loss as well as the path loss for a row of buildings with two in homogeneous faces is calculated and compared with measured data. Comparison of theoretical and measured results reveals that the modified Reflection Coefficient can adequately predict the reflective properties of the building walls. Moreover, results obtained with the proposed UID model are in good agreement with the measurement data. Therefore, the modified Reflection Coefficients well as the new UID model can be used for estimation of multipath signals strength, diffraction loss and also path delay in ray tracing algorithms used in mobile communication, radar and radio links.

Calculation of the reflected waves against obstacles is a prominent step in designing coastal structures. In addition, a complex process occurs during wave collision with beaches or breakwaters. These processes cause wave characteristics to be (energy dissipation, reflected wave, etc.). The new wave characteristics are dependent on reflected wave height straightly which are not measureable. In other words, finding an appropriate method for identifying reflected waves is an essential part of each marine project.In recent years analytical and experimental methods have been established for the decomposition of incident and reflected waves. An analytical solution for estimation of the Reflection Coefficient is time domain analysis. In this method, waves which radiate in opposite directions could be separated by zero crossing method. Alternative analytical way is using fast Fourier method which is called spectrum analysis. In this paper, above methods are compared by using experimental data. Two-dimensional experimental studies are carried out in the Hydraulic laboratory of Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran, Polytechnic) to collect appropriate time series. Results reveal that although spectrum analysis, compared with time domain analysis, allocates higher wave height for both incident as well as reflected waves, Reflection Coefficients are virtually same in both methods. Furthermore, evaluated incident wave height in time domain analysis is close to wave height in wave maker theory.

DHI-Mike Software is one of best softwares describing water wave diffraction in onshore/offshore concepts. Diffraction happens due to obstacles along wave direction and has an important role in designing structures. The scope of this study is to show the relation between Porosity Coefficient and its effects on Diffraction Coefficient (Cd) by means of a suitable and verified numerical model. Porosity Coefficient is one of the breakwaters’ characteristics that describe the Reflection quantity of the wave that influences on Diffraction Coefficient. This parameter determines the quantity of obstacles porosity and helps in implementing the sensitivity analysis. A calibrated Model helps as a suitable background to examine different Porosity Coefficients. Reputed "Wave Diffraction Diagrams" has been used for model calibration and will be discussed in detail in an appropriate section. It has been concluded that by increasing the Porosity Coefficient, wave height and Diffraction Coefficient increase.

This work investigates the improvement of the active Reflection Coefficient of waveguide-fed phased-array antenna using liquid crystal layers. The anisotropic properties of liquid crystal layer can be employed to eliminate blind scan angle and improve the wide angle impedance matching of the waveguide-fed phased array antenna. The modal analysis of the waveguide-fed phased-array antenna which is covered with uniaxial anisotropic liquid crystal layers is considered. The analytical method is assumed for infinite arrays and is used to optimize the wide angle impedance matching over broad angular range of the array. The analytical results have been verified using simulation software. In this paper it is proposed to use anisotropic liquid crystal to improve the Reflection Coefficient of waveguide-fed phased-array antennas. Also it is proposed to employ the reconfigurable properties of liquid crystal to engineering the analytical optimization.

2Various researches have shown that Iran's educational system does not pay enough attention to cultural differences and mostly promotes the dominant and official national culture in an engineered way. The focus of these researches has been focused on the inputs of the educational system. The current research, relying on the mixed exploratory method, tried to examine both the inputs and educational processes in order to test the truth of this claim, whether such a claim is consistent with the reality in the educational system. In this way, in the qualitative part, first the teachers' lived experiences of the criteria that were considered for their selection and employment were analyzed (inputs), and then in the quantitative part, the teacher's success in the classroom was analyzed. It was predicted based on the mentioned criteria (processes). The findings of this research showed that scientific identity and ideological identity are valued in the recruitment of teachers, and because of this, criteria such as personal success, special privileges, and religious and moral foundations are put forward. However, it is only the teacher's personal success that can predict his success in the classroom. This shows that the ideological identity is only manifested in the inputs and is practically not institutionalized in the classroom and teaching processes. In this way, considering Iran's educational system as ideological does not match the realities of the educational system.

This paper is devoted to study a problem of plane waves Reflection at a traction-free surface of a pre-stressed functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM). The effects of initial stress and material gradient on the Reflection of plane waves are studied in this paper. Secular equation has been derived analytically for the pre-stressed FGPM half space and used to show the existence of two coupled waves namelyqP and qSV.Continuity condition of stress, electrical potential and electrical displacement at traction free surface is used to obtain the Reflection Coefficient of qP and qSV waves. Results of the problem are shown graphically and effects of initial stress and material gradient are discussed for a particular case of Lithium niobate material.

In recent years, design algorithms have been introduced based on X parameters. One of these algorithms determines the load impedance that maximizes the output power. This algorithm uses an iterative process. The weighting factor in this algorithm determines the convergence rate of this algorithm. By choosing this weighting factor unsuitably, the algorithm may be slow down or become unstable. In this paper, a reduction weighted method and an adaptive weighing method are proposed to accelerate the convergence and prevent instability. By using these methods in different amplifiers, their performance is investigated compared with constant weights. According to the results, the two proposed methods have a higher convergence rate than the constant weight algorithm. These methods are compared with each other. Finally, the adaptive weight algorithm with the lowest repeat steps was selected as the optimal method. Both of the proposed methods are stable in all cases.

The present study is intended to illustrate the role of Reflection Coefficient (B) in the linear static method, (B) is a conversion function whose input is accelerated rock bed motion and its output is accelerated earth motion. to understand properly how seismic methods work and to properly evaluate information based on physical principles governing wave propagation characteristics, which can include the generation, transmission, absorption, and irregularities of waves in terrestrial rocks as well as Reflection, fracture and The main axis of the waves are out. the purpose of this study was to investigate the soil material in earthquake forces applied to the structure and the importance of Reflection Coefficient in the control of the structure. in this research, steel structure with one-way bending frame system with Reflection Coefficient in accordance with standard 2800-Fourth Edition and again with real Reflection Coefficient of Gorgan city was analyzed and plotted. the results showed that the average displacement of its classes decreased by 53. 3% on average, and its drift decreased by 25. 3%.